Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (x)
(ii) Molality of a solution (m)
Calculate the molality of ethanol solution in which the mole fraction of water is 0.88.
State Henry’s law. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in a liquid ?
State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications.
Explain the solubility rule “like dissolves like” in terms of intermolecular forces that exist in solutions.
The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10⁻² g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution were to contain 5.0 × 10⁻² g of ethane, then what will be the partial pressure of the gas ?
State Raoult’s law for a solution containing nonvolatile solute. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by a solution of chloroform and acetone and why?
State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the similarity between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law ?
State Raoult’s law. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes ?
Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile.
Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law ? Give an example. What is the sign of H for positive deviation ?
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law ?
Give an example.
Why a mixture of Carbon disulphide and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law? What type of azeotrope is formed by this mixture?
(i) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases will have the higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why ?
(ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling azeotropes ?